Over the last few decades, the Internet has brought about a myriad of benefits to almost every aspect of our daily lives. However, malware attacks have also widely proliferated, mainly aiming at legitimate network users, resulting in millions of dollars in damages if proper protection and response measures are not settled and enforced. In this context, the paper at hand proposes MalSEIRS, a novel dynamic model, to predict malware distribution in a network based on the SEIRS epidemiological model. As a (...) result, the time-dependent rates of infection, recovery, and loss of immunity enable us to capture the complex dynamism of malware spreading behavior, which is influenced by a variety of external circumstances. In addition, we describe both offensive and defensive techniques, based on the proposed MalSEIRS model, through extensive experimentation, as well as disclosing real-life malware campaigns that can be better understood by using the suggested model. (shrink)

En este artículo se estudia un peculiar recurso discursivo de un cronista barroco del virreinato del Perú: un elogio de las mujeres criollas de la ciudad de Arequipa, que se transforma en una vindicación general de los indígenas como una forma de exaltar a la ciudad criolla a través de una serie de analogías históricas con experiencias e ideales de la tradición hispánica asumibles para una audiencia metropolitana.

_Defensione delle donne_, de Agostino Strozzi, es una de las obras filóginas más significativas en lengua italiana compuesta a finales del siglo XV. Nos consta la existencia de dos versiones recogidas en dos manuscritos que presentan contrastes significativos entre ambas. Una de ellas más extensa y, sobre todo, más radical en sus argumentos en defensa de las virtudes femeninas, está dedicada a su prima Margherita Cantelmo. En esta comunicación se describe y profundiza en los contrastes presentes en ambas versiones o, (...) dicho con otras palabras, en lo que podemos considerar como dos misteriosos manuscritos. (shrink)

Recent work on signaling has mostly focused on communication between organisms. The Lewis–Skyrms framework should be equally applicable to intra-organismic signaling. We present a Lewis–Skyrms signaling-game model of painful signaling, and use it to argue that the content of pain is predominantly imperative. We address several objections to the account, concluding that our model gives a productive framework within which to consider internal signaling.

We present a dynamic model of the evolution of communication in a Lewis signaling game while systematically varying the degree of common interest between sender and receiver. We show that the level of common interest between sender and receiver is strongly predictive of the amount of information transferred between them. We also discuss a set of rare but interesting cases in which common interest is almost entirely absent, yet substantial information transfer persists in a *cheap talk* regime, and offer a (...) diagnosis of how this may arise. -/- . (shrink)

In the first part of the paper, I present a framework for the description and evaluation of teleosemantic theories of intentionality, and use it to argue that several different objections to these theories (the various indeterminacy and adequacy problems) are, in a certain precise sense, manifestations of the same underlying issue. I then use the framework to show that Millikan's biosemantics, her own recent declarations to the contrary notwithtanding, presents indeterminacy. In the second part, I develop a novel teleosemantic proposal (...) which makes progress in the treatment of this family of problems. I describe a procedure to derive a (unique) homeostatic property cluster [HPC] from facts having to do with the properties that a certain indicator relied on, in the events leading to its fixation in a certain population. This HPC is the one that should figure in the content attribution to the indicator in question. (shrink)

Is ChatGPT a good teacher? Or could it be? As understanding is widely acknowledged as one of the fundamental aims of education, the answer to these questions depends on whether ChatGPT fosters or could foster the acquisition of understanding in its users. In this paper, I tackle this issue in two steps. In the first part of the paper, I explore and analyze the set of skills and social-epistemic virtues that a teacher must exemplify to perform her job well – (...) in those contexts in which epistemic aims are at play and in which understanding plays a pivotal role. In the second part of the paper, I put my conception of good teacher to test and deal with the question whether, and to which extent, the software ChatGPT is (or could serve as, if suitably modified or fine-tuned) a good teacher for its users. I close with some final reflections that point to further directions of research. -/- . (shrink)

It is widely held that it is unhelpful to model our epistemic access to modal facts on the basis of perception, and postulate the existence of a bodily mechanism attuned to modal features of the world. In this paper I defend modalizing mechanisms. I present and discuss a decision-theoretic model in which agents with severely limited cognitive abilities, at the end of an evolutionary process, have states which encode substantial information about the probabilities with which the outcomes of a certain (...) Bernoulli process occur. Thus, in the model, a process driven by very simple, thoroughly naturalistic mechanisms eventuates in modal sensitivity. (shrink)

Se trata de una reseña del libro de Modzelewski, Helena Emociones, educación y democracia: una proyección de las emociones de Martha Nussbaum. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 368 páginas. ARK: ark:/s18537960/i6kdhhn1o.

Ante la falta o disminución de la motivación de los alumnos universitarios la enseñanza, y con ello la Universidad se ve en la tesitura de poner en práctica nuevas metodologías más activas y motivantes que permitan a los alumnos tener un rol más protagonista en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que el que han tenido hasta ahora.En el este artículo se expone una experiencia que consiste en el diseño de un escape room on line enmarcado en el Máster en (...) Educación Especial. Se plantea como objetivo motivar a los alumnos y facilitar el aprendizaje de la asignatura. (shrink)

This article identifies philosophical tensions and limitations within contemporary intersectionality theory which, it will be argued, have hindered its ability to explain how positioning in multiple social categories can affect life chances and influence the reproduction of inequality. We draw upon critical realism to propose an augmented conceptual framework and novel methodological approach that offers the potential to move beyond these debates, so as to better enable intersectionality to provide causal explanatory accounts of the ‘lived experiences’ of social privilege and (...) disadvantage. (shrink)

I sketch and defend an imperativist treatment of the phenomenology associated with disgusting smells. This treatment, I argue, allows us to make better sense than other intentionalist alter-natives both of the neuroanatomy of olfaction, and of a natural pre-theoretical stance regarding the sense of smell.

Resumen El objeto de este estudio es situar la relevancia de la búsqueda de personas desaparecidas en México, desde la Guerra contra el Narcotráfico, como nudo entre mística, filosofía y política. Se abordará, en primer lugar, la “teología del fantasma” como marco en el que se inscribe una extrañeza que sitúa a la desaparición como núcleo de la realidad histórica y subjetiva. Se mostrará, como segundo momento, la relación interna entre la experiencia mística y las fórmulas enunciadas con las consignas (...) y proclamas de familiares en búsqueda de personas desaparecidas, a través de algunas consideraciones realizadas desde el pensamiento de Michel de Certeau en La Fábula Mística. Se abordarán, en tercer lugar, los campos del lenguaje que se dinamizan ligados a una demanda por el cuerpo desaparecido, como hueco en lo real en la trama simbólica que forma una rasgadura que detona experiencias performativas y crítico-afectivas que forjan saberes en duelo, y cuyo vacío cristaliza tanto una convocatoria específicamente metafísica, como la experiencia histórica en la trama de los asuntos humanos. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to situate the relevance of the search for missing persons in Mexico, since the War on Drug Trafficking, as a knot between mysticism, philosophy and politics. In the first place, the "theology of the ghost" will be addressed as a framework in which a strangeness that places disappearance as the core of historical and subjective reality is inscribed. As a second moment, the internal relationship between the mystical experience and the formulas enunciated with the slogans and proclamations of relatives in search of missing persons will be shown, through some considerations made from the thought of Michel de Certeau in The Mystical Fable. Thirdly, the fields of language that are dynamized linked to a demand for the missing body will be addressed, as a gap in the real in the symbolic plot that forms a tear that detonates performative and critical-affective experiences that forge knowledge in mourning, and whose emptiness crystallizes both a specifically metaphysical call, as well as the historical experience in the plot of human affairs. (shrink)

Nuestra intención en este artículo es exponer la concepción berkeleyana entorno al tan debatido problema de la filosofía de la modernidad que concierne a la relación, conocimiento y exterioridad. Éste constituye, en efecto, núcleo esencial de las filosofías de autores tan representativos de la época como Locke, Hume, Condillac y el propio Berkeley, entre otros. No obstante, la singularidad del planteamiento berkeleyano al respecto es tal, que bien merece por nuestra parte una reflexión antenta y por separado. Además, la influencia (...) que su aportación peculiar ejerció sobre determinados filósofos, como, por ejemplo, Condillac y Kant, y a través de ellos sobre buena parte de la filosofía posterior fue de tal índole, que sin el cabal conocimiento de ella no podría entenderse la relevancia y significación del idealismo gnoseológico en sus diferentes tipos y modalidades. En una primera sección, meramente introductoria, acometemos la exposición de la metafísica de Berkeley, destacándose sobre todo su teoría del inmaterialismo ; con ello se pretende subrayar en principio el carácter peculiar que forzosamente habrá de presentar su concepción de lo externo. El tratamiento de ésta constituye propiamente el contenido de la segunda sección, en la que, además de la identificación entre contenido sensible y realidad y de la apelación a la instancia divina como garante último de ésta, se destaca el papel preponderante que desempeña el sentido del tacto en el proceso de aprehensión de la exterioridad. (shrink)

This article discusses how the Generic Model of Psychotherapy can help to organize the psychotherapy research and the knowledge in the field of psychotherapy for sexual and gender minority patients. The structure that this traditional model provides is a good foundation for research in this field, inasmuch as it stresses macrosocial aspects that determine the provision of psychotherapy and contextualize its outcomes. Each one of the main components offered by the Generic Model of Psychotherapy – Determinants, Processes, and Consequences – (...) are specified for psychotherapy with LGBT patients and are illustrated with a selection of already existing research in the field of sexual minorities; they are also stress areas marked by knowledge gaps that require future developments. In addition, a set of questions are proposed to contribute to new studies, including the clinical implications that can be derived from this model. (shrink)

For Ockham and Wittgenstein the analysis of knowledge is based on language. Both authors uphold the conception of the world from a logical-philosophical dimension configured by the close thought-language relationship. This construct is developed on the basis of the following three aspects: first, concepts are signs of things; second, propositions describe “state of affairs”; and third, knowledge in terms of “habits” is expressed in propositions structured in terms of the “uses” of language. These propositions are established by the thought considered (...) as “activity” and “operation of signs”. By analyzing certain a priori propositions, we recognize the very boundaries of the thought-language relationship, wherein the existential problems of mankind are revealed, whether out of the human tendency of explaining the world as a whole or out of the human attitude in the face of it. (shrink)

El pensamiento ético de Averroes apenas ha sido estudiado y ello a pesar de que es el único filósofo islámico medieval del que se conserva un Comentario a la principal obra aristotélica sobre el tema, la Ética nicomáquea. El eje del presente trabajo es precisamente un nuevo análisis de ese Comentario a través de los conceptos de eudaimonía o felicidad, philía o amistad y tò díkaion o justicia.

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica analiza si la práctica de Mindfulness mejora la regulación emocional en el alumnado con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad. En primer lugar, se recoge información principal del Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad, analizando sus características, a continuación, sobre la regulación emocional y el Mindfulness, y, finalmente la relación entre las tres variables.

En los últimos años Ian Hacking se ha dedicado a trabajar principalmente acerca de las ciencias humanas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunas de las nociones acuñadas por el filósofo canadiense -fundamentalmente las de ontología histórica y nominalismo dinámico- para dicho ámbito. A par..

This paper presents two formation tracking control strategies for a combined set of single and double integrator agents with an arbitrary undirected communication topology. The first approach is based on the design of distance-based potential functions with interagent collision avoidance using local information about the distance and orientation between agents and the desired trajectory. The second approach adds signed area constraints to the desired formation specification and a control strategy that uses distance as well as area terms is designed to (...) achieve tracking convergence. Numerical simulations show the performance from both control laws. (shrink)

It has recently been argued by Davey (2014) that inconsistency is never tolerated in science, but only discretely isolated. But when talking about inconsistencies in science, not much attention has been paid to the inconsistencies between theory and observation. Here I will argue that inconsistency toleration actually takes place in science, and that when we examine actual inconsistent theories, inconsistencies between theory and observation look anything but homogeneous. I will argue, appealing to certain properties of empirical theories, especially holism, that (...) at least two sub-types of inconsistencies regarding theory and observation can be distinguished: those that satisfy a criterion of observational independence and those that do not. (shrink)

Por más evidente que sea su caducidad, cuesta muchísimo que cualquier disciplina científica admita nuevas metodologías, aunque con ello mejore su visión y alcance, y la economía es emblemática al respecto. Al final, le fue más fácil aceptar que se producían diferentes comportamientos en los niveles macroeconómicos en base al género, y dicha aceptación -con la tenacidad de las pioneras- se trasladó a las políticas de ajuste estructural, para acabar cubriendo el extenso campo de la macroeconomía. En este sentido, el (...) consumo no es una excepción: se trata de una variable de considerable valor explicativo que gana peso cuando de consumo agregado se trata ya que las diferencias de comportamiento generalizadas y sistemáticas influyen en la macroeconomía y ayudan a descubrir la vinculación del consumo agregado -y con género- con otros componentes del Producto Nacional como el ahorro y la inversión. (shrink)

Se estudia la trayectoria artística y profesional de la escritora barcelonesa Lola Salvador Maldonado (Salvador Maldonado), guionista, figurinista y productora cinematográfica y de televisión y radio, así como docente. Se acompaña su biografía y una relación completa de su obra.

It would be possible to be affirmed that the most of the educational goals that modernity assumes, they settled down from the Renaissance. The postmodern age, in its critic to the modern period, demands the recovery of some losses. At the time of fast changes as it happens in the Renaissance, the Humanism originates a fruitful debate. According to the authors protagonists, the controversy became a dialogue plenty of common questions to which we find in the contemporary discussion. The reflection (...) on the thought of one of the most representative and well-known authors, Comenio, it serves to think on the encounter of traditions in Philosophy of Education. He is a thinker who supplies the basis for his educational practice on a Philosophy of education and projects a reform to confront some problems that in the essential are repeated today. (shrink)

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of organisms and their organization holds the key to our understanding of the processes that control Development and Physiology as well as the mechanisms that underlie disease. Traditional methods of analysis of subcellular structure have relied on the purification of organelles and the painstaking biochemical description of their components. The arrival of high‐throughput genomic and, more significantly, proteomic technologies has opened hereto unforeseen possibilities for this task. Recently two reports(1,2) show how much can be (...) gleaned from the combination of analytical centrifugation, mass spectrometry and advanced statistical techniques focused on a high‐throughput analysis of the content and organization of plant and animal cells. The results reveal intriguing possibilities for the future and the possibility of mapping much of the known proteome onto our current map of the cell. BioEssays 28: 780–784, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

The Entrepreneurial University plays a central role in entrepreneurial ecosystems and actively influences the development of entrepreneurial human capital, which is a critical asset for many economies. There is thus a requirement for the identification and strengthening of entrepreneurial competences, but no previous studies have included any analysis of these competences in the university context using an approach based on profiles. The present study fills this gap by investigating the existence of different entrepreneurial profiles among students, based on their competences. (...) It also defines key competences that are critical for differentiating between these profiles and improving entrepreneurial competence levels more generally. To meet these objectives, a field research campaign was developed. Data on 1104 students from various degrees and faculties were collected and analyzed using a quantitative methodological approach. The results reveal the existence of four entrepreneurial competence profiles, namelylow profile,top profile,social profile, andgrit profile. Among as many as 12 possible entrepreneurial competences, the most prominent can explain to a large extent the entrepreneurial profiles of students; these are networking and professional social skills, community engagement, perseverance of effort, and consistency of interest. The results provide evidence of the importance of social capital andgrit. In addition to their contribution to the theory in this area and the development of the Entrepreneurial University paradigm, the results are also useful for the design of training strategies aimed at strengthening the levels of competence of students, thereby providing universities with tools to foster the creation of entrepreneurial human capital. (shrink)

En este trabajo respondo a las críticas dirigidas en Ser y tiempo contra la fenomenología scheleriana del valor, que se amparan en la omisión de la correspondiente teoría fenomenológica de los tipos de unidad cósica. Tras mostrar que los reproches de Heidegger no alcanzan el punto de vista defendido por Scheler, evidencio que este no solo anticipa en más de una década, dentro de la propia fenomenología, la tesis de la primacía de la vida práctica sostenida en Ser y tiempo, (...) sino que, de hecho, únicamente la tematización scheleriana del valor la hace viable. Por último, argumento que la comprensión heideggeriana de la «mundanidad» (Weltlichkeit) del mundo, realizada también al margen de la categoría de «cosa», la aproxima descriptivamente al «entorno» (Umwelt) de Scheler —y no tanto al «mundo» (Welt)—, lo cual refuerza la acusación de vitalismo que este dirigió contra Heidegger en su escrito póstumo El problema emocional de la realidad. (shrink)

We study the intersection number of families of tall ideals. We show that the intersection number of the class of analytic P-ideals is equal to the bounding number ${\mathfrak{b}}$ , the intersection number of the class of all meager ideals is equal to ${\mathfrak{h}}$ and the intersection number of the class of all F σ ideals is between ${\mathfrak{h}}$ and ${\mathfrak{b}}$ , consistently different from both.

'Bedeutung' ist ein Grundbegriff literaturwissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. Jede interpretierende Aussage über einen literarischen Text setzt Annahmen darüber voraus, auf welche Weise literarische Texte Bedeutung erzeugen, vermitteln oder veranlassen können. In der Literaturtheorie und Ästhetik der letzten Jahrzehnte wurden verschiedene Bedeutungskonzeptionen entwickelt. Eine allgemein akzeptierte Klärung des Begriffs steht bislang aus. Der Band soll zu einer solchen Klärung führen. Seine internationalen Beiträger nehmen die ältere Diskussion auf und suchen nach interdisziplinären Integrationsmöglichkeiten für eine Präzisierung des Begriffs. Ansätze zur Bestimmung des Bedeutungsbegriffs aus (...) Psychologie und Linguistik, Philosophie und Soziologie sowie aus musikwissenschaftlicher, filmhermeneutischer und medientheoretischer Sicht werden mit verschiedenen literaturwissenschaftlichen Perspektiven verbunden. Aus dem Inhalt: I. Sprachliche und sprachanalytische Aspekte der 'Bedeutung' II. Literatur- und kulturwissenschaftliche Konzepte von 'Bedeutung' III. Mediale Konstitution von 'Bedeutung' IV. Historische Aspekte literarischer 'Bedeutung'. (shrink)

La contribución de David Gauthier a la filosofía moral es poco conocida en nuestro país, a pesar de ser uno de los más novedosos y originales aportes que en materia de ética se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas en el ámbito norteamericano. El uso de la Teoría de la elección racional y de la teoría de los juegos hace que sus tesis morales contractualistas resulten muy interesantes a la luz del neocontractualismo. Algunos comentaristas han sostenido que desde la Teoría (...) de la justicia de John Rawls el contractualismo no volaba tan alto. En este trabajo se presenta de forma muy sintética la tesis de Gauthier, a la vez que se cuestiona la validez de su proyecto a la luz de sus posibilidades de aplicación práctica. (shrink)

Jellinek define “estatus” como la “relación con el Estado que califica al individuo”. Su teoría distingue cuatro tipos: pasivo o subiectionis, negativo o libertatis, positivo o civitatis y activo o de la ciudadanía activa. Al margen de las polémicas sobre su vigencia, se pretende relacionar la aportación de Jellinek con la concepción del consentimiento informado del Tribunal Constitucional español, quien lo ha definido como deber de abstención de los profesionales sanitarios (STC 37/2011, de 28 de marzo, entre otras), es decir, (...) como una negación de su competencia en la terminología de Hohfeld, o como un derecho de defensa. Debido a la adecuación de su estructura al contenido del consentimiento informado, el análisis se centrará en los estatus negativo y positivo. La cuestión versa sobre la posición de los derechos de defensa en la tesis de Jellinek y si es viable su empleo en la conceptualización de los actuales derechos fundamentales. (shrink)

The concept of polarity is pervasive in natural language. It relates syntax, semantics and pragmatics narrowly, Semantics: an international handbook of natural language meaning, De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin, 2011; Israel in The grammar of polarity: pragmatics, sensitivity, and the logic of scales, Cambridge studies in linguistics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2014), it refers to items of many syntactic categories such as nouns, verbs and adverbs. Neutral polarity items appear in affirmative and negative sentences, negative polarity items cannot appear in affirmative (...) sentences, and positive polarity items cannot appear in negative sentences. A way of reasoning in Natural Language is through Natural Logic. This logic is based on the concept of polarity in order to make the meaning of a sentence weaker o stronger without changing its truth value. There exist many proposals to compute polarity in the Natural Logic context, the most widely known are the ones by: van Benthem, Sánchez-Valencia, Dowty, and van Eijck, 6th international Tbilisi symposium on logic, language, and computation, Batumi, Georgia, Springer, 2007). If Natural Logic is going to be used, as an inferential mechanism between text fragments, in Natural Language Processing applications such as text summarization, question answering, and information extraction, it is a priority to know what the existing relationship among the aforementioned algorithms is; for example, to implement the most general. We show in this paper the equivalence among the analyzed algorithms, filling a gap in Natural Logic research, particularly in computing polarity, and the soundness of their algorithms. (shrink)